Chapter 1 About

The following example analysis demonstrates a way in which sex-and gender-based analysis (SGBA) can be conducted using results from the Sex- and Gender-Based Analysis Tool – 5 item (SGBA-5) by Putman and Dogra which can be downloaded here. The SGBA-5 is free to use and is licensed under CC BY 4.0.

The examples shown in the following sections cover a descriptive analysis of simulated SGBA-5 responses (e.g., what SGBA-5 results may look like in a Table 1). Then an approach is demonstrated where a continuous variable (i.e., the primary outcome of a study) is assessed by looking for potential interactions between that continuous variable and the biological sex item or the gendered aspects of health items from the SGBA-5. The examples provided do not cover all potential analyses that could be done using the SGBA-5 but do provide a solid foundation from which researchers can select from and build upon.

The R code to reproduce the plots and statistical tests used in the examples is included in the Appendix.

1.1 Further Resources

More information on the SGBA-5, instructions for its use, and rationale for are included in the SGBA-5’s documentation. Initial reliability and validity testing of the SGBA-5 are reported in the paper by Putman, Cole, & Dogra (2025) in PLOS ONE and in A Putman’s thesis work.